C++中map容器提供一个键值对容器,map与multimap差别仅仅在于multiple允许一个键对应多个值。
一、map的说明 1 头文件 #include <map> 2 定义 map<string, int> my_Map; 或者是typedef map<string, int> MY_MAP; MY_MAP my_Map; 3 插入数据 (1) my_Map["a"] = 1; (2) my_Map.insert(map<string, int>::value_type("b",2)); (3) my_Map.insert(pair<string,int>("c",3)); (4) my_Map.insert(make_pair<string,int>("d",4)); 4 查找数据和修改数据 (1) int i = my_Map["a"]; my_Map["a"] = i; (2) MY_MAP::iterator my_Itr; my_Itr.find("b"); int j = my_Itr->second; my_Itr->second = j; 不过注意,键本身是不能被修改的,除非删除。 5 删除数据 (1) my_Map.erase(my_Itr); (2) my_Map.erase("c"); 还是注意,第一种情况在迭代期间是不能被删除的,道理和foreach时不能删除元素一样。 6 迭代数据 for (my_Itr=my_Map.begin(); my_Itr!=my_Map.end(); ++my_Itr) {} 7 其它方法 my_Map.size() 返回元素数目 my_Map.empty() 判断是否为空 my_Map.clear() 清空所有元素 可以直接进行赋值和比较:=, >, >=, <, <=, != 等等 更高级的应用查帮助去吧,^_^; 二/map的举例 要求: 将mymap中itemstruct 的a大于100的项删除 struct itemstruct { int a; char b[20]; }; map<string, itemstruct > mymap. 解答1: #include <iostream> #include <ctime> #include <map> using namespace std; typedef struct itemstruct { int a; char b[20]; }itemS; itemS s[4] = { {102,"what"}, {33, "hello"}, {198,"world"}, {45, "c++"} };; int main() { map<string, itemS> mymap; string str[4] = {"1st","2nd","3rd","4th"}; for(int i = 0; i<4; i++) { mymap.insert(make_pair(str[i], s[i])); } map<string,itemS>::iterator it; for(it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); it++) { if(it->second.a >100){ i=mymap.erase(it); ----->正确 mymap.erase(it); ----->it失效.. } } //first是Key, second是value; for(it = mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); it++) { cout<<it->first<<" "<<it->second.a<<" "<<it->second.b<<endl; } system("pause"); return 0; } 解答2: #include<map> #include<iterator> #include<string> #include<iostream> #include<cstring> using namespace std; struct itemstruct { int a; char b[20]; itemstruct(int t,char*str) { a=t; strcpy(b,str); } }; int main() { map<string,itemstruct>mymap; mymap.insert(make_pair("a",itemstruct(10,"hanzhou"))); mymap.insert(make_pair("ab",itemstruct(20,"fuzhou"))); mymap.insert(make_pair("abc",itemstruct(30,"zhengzhou"))); mymap.insert(make_pair("abcd",itemstruct(200,"wuhan"))); mymap.insert(make_pair("abcde",itemstruct(150,"kunming"))); mymap.insert(make_pair("abcdef",itemstruct(50,"xiamen"))); map<string,itemstruct>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); while(it!=mymap.end()) { if((it->second).a>100)mymap.erase(it++); else it++; } it=mymap.begin(); while(it!=mymap.end()) { cout<<it->first<<" "<<(it->second).a<<" "<<(it->second).b<<endl; it++; } system("PAUSE"); return 0; } 解答3: for(map<string, itemstruct>::iterator i = mymap.begin(); i != mymap.end();) { if(i->second.a > 100) i = mymap.erase(i); else ++i; } 解答4: VC6中编译map编译出错的解决方法 Warnings similar to the following are generated even if you use the warning pragma to disable the warning: warning C4786: 'std::rb_tree<CAiSpanningTree<State,std::less<State>>::TransClosureNode, CAiSpanningTree<State,std::less<State>>::TransClosureNode,std::ident<Cai SpanningTree<State,std::less<State>>::TransClosureNode,CAiSpanningTree<S tate,std::less<State>>::TransClosureNode>,std::less<CAiSpanningTree<Stat e,std::less<State>>::TransClosureNode>>' : identifier was truncated to '255' characters in the debug information 解决code 加在stdafx.h的头文件处: #pragma warning(disable:4786) 低调做人,高调做事